An Historical Essay Madaule, Jacques Primary Author mixed material bibliography London Burns & Oates 1967 en English

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xiii + 177 hlm ; 14x22cm This book chronicles the 13th-century military campaign initiated by the Catholic Church to eradicate the heresy of Catharism in the Languedoc region of southern France. It examines how this crusade was used as a political tool by the northern French monarchy to conquer and destroy the independent Occitan culture of Toulouse. Based in the city of Albi, the Cathars (Albigensians) believed in an extreme dualism, where the universe was a battleground between a good God (spirit) and an evil god (matter). In 1208, Pope Innocent III called for the Crusades after the region was deemed a hotbed of heresy. This sparked a bloody war pitting the devout nobles of northern France against the more tolerant princes of the south. The crusades were notoriously brutal and claimed many civilian lives. They also permanently reduced the autonomy of the southern region and destroyed the distinctive language and culture of Provence/Occitan. The author emphasizes that these wars were not simply religious conflicts, but a crucial turning point in European history. This war became an instrument of centralization that brought the Occitan region into the sphere of the French monarchy. perang salib 272.3 PERPUSTAKAAN STFT WIDYA SASANA Jln. Terusan Rajabasa 2 Malang 272.3 Mad a 22574 2026-06-02 12:46:44 2026-06-02 12:46:44 machine generated