This book can be used as a comprehensive guide to analyzing contemporary theology. Its contents are divided into two parts: an understanding of theological method (what) and an introduction to the key figures in late 20th-century theology (who), who serve as a compass for understanding modern theology. Furthermore, it can help readers navigate the complexities of modern theology and understand the direction of its development. Therefore, it is suitable for contemporary theological studies because it connects theological method with the figures shaping current theological discourse. Part I: discusses the context of theology, explaining the origins, shaping forces, and current definitions of theology using Bernard Lonergan's theological method approach. Part II: discusses theological figures, introducing the thought of prominent theologians of the late 20th century, including Karl Rahner, Hans Kung, and many others.