The History of the Popes (Vol. V): From the Close of the Middle Ages examines the history of the papacy from the late 15th to the early 16th century. This pivotal period highlights the pontificate of Pope Alexander VI (the Borgia Pope) and the early developments that precipitated the Protestant Reformation. The book explores a critical transitional era for the Catholic Church, marked by political turmoil, dynastic intrigue, and moral crises. Drawing upon secret Vatican archives, the author provides a detailed account of the lives, policies, and actions of these Church leaders. This volume serves as a key reference for understanding the dynamics of the papacy leading up to one of the greatest schisms in the history of Western Christianity. In its entirety, this comprehensive work spans 40 volumes and chronicles the reigns of 56 popes.