Volume II of William Roscoe's The Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth (often attributed to William or Thomas Roscoe) provides a detailed account of the final years of the pontificate of Pope Leo X (1513–1521). It examines the complex political and religious climate, power struggles, Leo's personal life, and his influence on the Italian Renaissance. Drawing on papal documents, letters, and contemporary accounts, it is a comprehensive academic reference. This second volume focuses on the height and end of a pontificate filled with controversy and profound artistic influence.