Among those affected by the renewal of Vatican II, none experiences more radical changes than women religious. Habits were replaced by secular dress; separation behind the cloister gave way to service in the world. But as Joan Chittister shows us, the deepest changes were less visible a new way of thinking and imagining the meaning of religious life. For communities like the Benedictines of Erie, that had seen little change in a hundred years, the impact was immense.