The religion crisis in the Roman Catholic Church which took place at the turn of this century in Italy, France, and England became part of a process, continuing today, of freeing reason from authorithy. The leaders of the movement known as 'Modernism' - Louisy, Buonaiuti, Tyrrell, von Hugel, and Minnochi - struggling to bring about a renewal of religious culture, met with opposition and official condemnation of their rationalization of the interpretation of scripture and doctrine.