The chapter discusses what a contemporary Anthropology of Catholicism would look like, both through and beyond the ‘sacramental imagination’, as a political and institutional form, a contested set of practices, and an embodied and ethical orientation to the world. Through a discussion of ethnographic works on Catholicism both new and old, this chapter reflects both on what is distinctive about Catholicism as a ‘religious’ form, and how a focus on Catholicism can open windows onto areas of debate within the discipline of anthropology more widely.