In publishing this text the Pontifical Council for the Family wishes to present points for consideration concerning population realities. The first part of this document examines populations trends. The second part describes attitudes regarding demographic realities. The third part sets out ethical principles in the light of which the church analyzes these realities. This examination forms the basis for proposing pastoral guidelines. In order to understand concrete situations better, population trends are currently the object of reflection, studies and meetings at international, national and regional levels. This document will help episcopal conferences and Catholic organizations to be well informed on these realities, to draw up guidelines for pastoral action.