This volume is the second in what is to be a five-volume edition of one of the extraordinary achievements of Judaica. Dubnov's History of the Jews has been acclaimed as the most reliable, work of its kind. Translations from the original into Hebrew, Yiddish, German, French, and Spanish have already appeared. Now, Moshe Spiegel has under taken the monumental task of translating it into English. Those already familiar with Volume One know that it contains the history of the Jews from the beginning of Biblical times until 70 A.D. The present volume continues the story of the Jews from the period of the Roman empire through the Early Middle Ages. The first of its two main divisions traces in detail the history of the Jews in the Near East; the Europe. The volume deals with the Jews under Christian and Mohammedan rule and with their experience during the Crusades how they suffered at the hands of supposedly holy men.