(A) machiavelli and Justice: (I) Allocution Made to a Magistrate (II) Machiavelli's Notions of Justice: Text and Analysis; (B) America: The Democratic Self and the Democratic Order (I) Walt Whitman and the Culture of Democracy (II) Emerson and the Inhibitions of Democracy; (C) Medieval Law and Power: (I) Nature, Justice, and Duty in the Defensor Pacis: Marsiglio of Padua's Ciceronian Impulse (II) Goerner on Thomistic Natural Law (III) Response to Hall; (D) Tully's Locke