This new edition has been thoroughly so as to bring the original work up to date with regard both to biblical scholarship and to archaeology and topography. Thus, in the maps many sites (mostly Palestinian) have been relocated or a query added to indicate the lack of confidence in their identification. The maps indicating the route of the Exodus, New Testament Jerusalem and Palestinian sites excavated to date have been completely revised. Diacritical points have been added to the spelling of Arabic place names. Moreover, the text of the work revised so as to bring it into line with the latest scholarship, for instance with regard to chronology, the Exodus, archaeology and the patriarchs, and New Testament Jerusalem.