This study is one among rare mission studies of the Dutch East India Company (also known as Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie). The Long accepted view stated that the Company was only concerned about its own business, i.e. to expand and secure its trading enterprise. Soleiman argues that the Company while indeed had its eyes on the main business, they cared for 'the other' business (i.e. religious obligation) seriously. Early modern Sutch protestantism had their version of mission. Company records and local parish's minutes are used by Soleiman as the primary source to study how the Dutch Reformed church carried out mission on Java in the late eighteenth century.