From the War for Independence to the Iran-Contra scandal, intelligence and espionage have played a crucial-and of course clandestine role in the shaping of American's history. The outcome of wars, the rise and fall of political careers, the ment of technology, knowledge about our allies and defense against our foes all of these have a secret history that is often more important and almost always more fascinating than the open history that appears in textbooks. The Encyclopedia of American Intelligence and Espionage is the first comprehensive reference work to ferret out of all the available information about this fascinating and little-known field.