Children are newcomers in the social sciences the authors of this boll tell us. The Fourteen contributions explore childhood behavior in many cultures - from the old Polish ghetto to Bali contemporary Russia Western Europe and America. Here are studies of parents and children in a Fresh park; of Soviet child-rearing literature; of a classical Chinese children's tale; of German school children's compositions on moral themes; and of a range of child heroes in contemporary American and European films. The essays illustrate a number of ways in which children can be studied and show how materials - made by for or about children - can be analyzed for the better understanding of child-rearing.