This is a new, updated and revised edition of a reference work that has proved invaluable as a tool for the student of philosophy, as well as a handbook for the general reader. From the classical thinkers through Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, up to the modern age of Russell and Wittgenstein, this comprehensive dictionary spans the personalities, terminology, and vocabulary of hundreds of philosophers over thousands of years. This second edition of an important and invaluable work has been completely revised, and fifteen new major articles have been added. Now, more than ever before, A Dictionary of Philosophy is a necessary and timely work for the modern student of thought.