How can communion be restored between the great traditions of contemporary Christianity, and yet diversity in theology and in liturgical and institutional forms still be retained? That is the major problem for ecumenism today. As a step towards a solution Pere Congar looks back on the main features of the debate as they have been inherited from the past. He looks at the New Testament and the early church and shows how in some respects Rome gradually stifled the possibility of diversity. He looks towards the Eastern churches and examines the concepts and patterns of life which determine attitudes towards unity. And he looks at the churches which have come into being through the Reformation and the way in which closer relations have become possible since Vatican II.