The Soviet Union resolutely pressed for collective action to halt the fascist aggressors. It concluded a non-aggression pact with China and supplied it with aircraft and munitions against Japanese aggression. In 1938, near the Manchurian Korean border, and again in 1939 along the Manchurian-Mongolian border, the USSR decisively defeated military incursions by the Japanese while the USA and other capitalist democracies provided Japan with raw materials for its war machine.