Israeli archaeologist Amihai Mazar introduces the achievements of the dynamic archaeological research in Israel and Jordan and discusses its implications for our knowledge of the world of the Old Testament. The volume covers the period starting with the first permanent settlements around 10,000 B.C.E., and ends with the destruction of the First Temple by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.E. and the Babylonian domination of the country. Each of the archaeological periods is presented against its historical and biblical background. Various aspects of the material culture of each period are discussed: the distribution of settlements, the discoveries in the main sites, aspects of civil and religious architecture, pottery making, metallurgy, agriculture, crafts and arts, weapons, jewellery, ritual objects, writing, burial customs, and evidence for trade and cultural relations with neighbouring countries. All these subjects are briefly introduced to create the jigsaw puzzle out of which archaeologists reconstruct the cultural history of the country. The relationship between the archaeological evidence and biblical history is discussed in all relevant chapters. Step-by-step, era-by-era, Amihai Mazar shows just what each archaeological age has to teach the modern reader about the past. The book is illustrated with hundreds of line drawings, maps, photographs, and charts. Bibliographic references provide access to the most recent publications on each of the issues under discussion. This introductory synthesis was written for students and scholars, as well as for those readers interested in expanding their knowledge of the Bible and its world.