Since the fall of the Suharto regime, there has been an increase in the reported instances of intra- and inter- religious conflict. Both radical and moderate religious groups have taken advantage of their new-found freedom to reach out to their followers and engage in political activities. The research presented in this report is based on a number of interviews with religious leaders in East Java. It aims at understanding their views and attitude regarding the challenges of human rights within the current Indonesian context, in particular with respect to the right to freedom of religion or belief.