Kant's lectures on anthropology capture him at the height of his intellectual power and at crucial stages in the development of his philosophical system. They are also immensely important for advancing our understanding of Kant's conception of anthropology, its development, and the notoriously difficult relationship between it and the critical philosophy. This collection of new essays by some of the leading philosophical commentators on Kant offers the first comprehensive assessment of the philosophical importance of this material that should nevertheless prove of interest to historians of ideas and political theorists. There are two broad approaches adopted: A number of the essays consider the systematic relations of anthropology to the critical philosophy, especially speculative knowledge and ethics. Other essays focus on the anthropology as a major source for the clarification of both the content and development of particular Kantian doctrines.